Convection is the spontaneous movement of fluid phases, either single or multiple, driven by interactions with heterogeneous material properties and body forces such as density and gravity. This movement of heated fluid facilitates heat transfer within a system. Natural convection finds applications in heat dissipation, air conditioning, and microelectronics. However, industrial fluids commonly used for heat transfer, such as minerals, oil, water, and ethylene glycol (EG), face limitations due to their low thermal conductivities, hindering heat exchange efficiency. The production of efficient cost-effective cooling systems for automotive engines is a significant challenge in the automobile industry. Most engines depend on fluid for cooling and therefore use liquid coolants such as ethylene glycol and water, but with poor heat transmission properties. Nanoparticles, which have been shown to improve thermal conductivity, enhance the thermal properties of the fluids. This study compares six different radiator coolants; water-CuO, Propylene-glycol-CuO, ethylene-glycol-CuO, water-MgO, Propylene-glycol-MgO, and ethylene-glycol-MgO. Nanoparticles exhibit improved thermophysical qualities and therefore nanofluids are used as coolants in various mechanical and engineering contexts, including, but not limited to electronics, vehicles, transformers, computers, and electrical devices. The similarity transformation is utilized to non-dimensionalise the governing equations. The resulting equations are solved using a numerical method with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method. The results show that water-based nanofluids provide the best coolant. However, when the radiator is close to the magnetic field emerging from the automobile engines, copper oxide or Magnesium oxide nanoparticles should be used with water as base fluid.
| Published in | International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12 |
| Page(s) | 12-19 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Nanofluid, Nanoparticles, Base Fluid, Propylene Glycol, Ethylene Glycol
| [1] | Choi, S. U. and Eastman, J. A. (1995). Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. |
| [2] | Mutuku-Njane, W. N. and Makinde, O. D. (2014). MHD nanofluid flow over a permeable vertical plate with convective heating. Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience, 11(3): 667–675. |
| [3] | Oke, A. S. (2022). Combined effects of Coriolis force and nanoparticle properties on the dynamics of gold–water nanofluid across nonuniform surface. ZAMM-Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics/Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 102(9), e202100113. |
| [4] | Ali, B., Ahammad, N. A., Awan, Aziz U., Oke, A. S., Tag-ElDin, E. M., Shah, F. A., Majeed, S., (2022). The dynamics of water-based nanofluid subject to the nanoparticle’s radius with a significant magnetic field: The case of rotating micropolar fluid. Sustainability, MDPI, 14(17), 10474. |
| [5] | Oke, A. S., Fatunmbi, E. O., Animasaun, I. L., Juma, B. A. (2022). Exploration of ternary-hybrid nanofluid experiencing Coriolis and Lorentz forces: case of three-dimensional flow of water conveying carbon nanotubes, graphene, and alumina nanoparticles. Waves in Random and Complex Media, Taylor & Francis, 1-20. |
| [6] | Sekrani, G. and Poncet, S. (2018). Ethylene- and propylene-glycol based nanofluids: A litterature review on their thermophysical properties and thermal performances. Applied Sciences, 8(11): 2311. |
| [7] | Areekara, S., Sabu, A. S., Mathew, A., Oke, A. S. (2023). Transport phenomena in Darcy-Forchheimer flow over a rotating disk with magnetic field and multiple slip effects: modified Buongiorno nanofluid model. Waves in Random and Complex Media, Taylor & Francis, 43831, 1-20. |
| [8] | Ali, B., Ahammad, N. A., Windarto; Oke, A. S., Shah, N. A., Chung, J. D. (2023). Significance of Tiny Particles of Dust and TiO2 Subject to Lorentz Force: The Case of Non-Newtonian Dusty Rotating Fluid. Mathematics, MDPI, 11(4), 877. |
| [9] | Murshed, S., Leong, K., and Yang, C. (2009). A combined model for the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids. Applied Thermal Engineering, 29(11-12): 2477–2483. |
| [10] | Kimulu, A. M., Mutuku, W. N., and Mutua, N. M. (2018). Car Antifreeze and Coolant: Comparing Water and Ethylene Glycol as Nano Fluid Base Fluid. International Journal of Advances in Scientific Research and Engineering, 4(6): 17–37. |
| [11] | Aglawe, K. R., Yadav, R. K., and Thool, S. B. (2021). Preparation, applications and challenges of nanofluids in electronic cooling: A systematic review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 43: 366–372. 1st International Conference on Energy, Material Sciences and Mechanical Engineering. |
| [12] | Venugopal, T., Pendli, S., Patel, H., Gupta, M., and Natarajan, G. (2022). The Performance of an Automobile Radiator with Aluminum Oxide Nanofluid as a Coolant—An Experimental Investigation. In SAE Technical Paper Series. SAE International. |
| [13] | Su, C.-Q., Wang, S., Liu, X., Tao, Q., and Wang, Y.-P. (2022). Experimental and numerical investigation on spray cooling of radiator in fuel cell vehicle. Energy Reports, 8: 1283–1294. 2021 The 8th International Conference on Power and Energy Systems Engineering. |
| [14] | Animasaun, I. L., Oke, A. S., Al-Mdallal, Q. M., Zidan, A. M. (2023). Exploration of water conveying carbon nanotubes, graphene, and copper nanoparticles on impermeable stagnant and moveable walls experiencing variable temperature: thermal analysis. Journal of Thermal Analysis and CalorimetrySpringer International Publishing, 148(10), 4513-4522. |
| [15] | Oke, A. S., Eyinla, T., Juma, B. A., (2023). Effect of Coriolis Force on Modified Eyring Powell Fluid flow. Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 24(4), 26-34. |
| [16] | Rani, K. S., Reddy, G. V. R., Oke, A. S. (2023). Significance of Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux on Chemically Reacting Nanofluids Flow Past a Stretching Sheet with Joule Heating Effect. CFD Letters, 15(7), 31-41. |
| [17] | Hwang, Y., Lee, J., Lee, C., Jung, Y., Cheong, S., Lee, C., Ku, B., and Jang, S. (2007). Stability and thermal conductivity characteristics of nanofluids. Thermochimica Acta, 455(1-2): 70–74. |
| [18] | Peyghambarzadeh, S., Hashemabadi, S., Jamnani, M. S., and Hoseini, S. (2011). Improving the cooling performance of automobile radiator with al2o3/water nanofluid. Applied Thermal Engineering, 31(10): 1833–1838. |
| [19] | Oke, A. S. (2022). Heat and mass transfer in 3D MHD flow of EG-based ternary hybrid nanofluid over a rotating surface. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Springer Berlin Heidelberg Berlin/Heidelberg, 47(12), 16015-16031. |
| [20] | Naraki, M., Peyghambarzadeh, S., Hashemabadi, S., and Vermahmoudi, Y. (2013). Parametric study of overall heat transfer coefficient of CuO/water nanofluids in a car radiator. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 66: 82–90. |
| [21] | Mutuku, W. N. (2016). Ethylene glycol (EG)-based nanofluids as a coolant for automotive radiator. Asia Pacific Journal on Computational Engineering, 3(1). |
| [22] | Soylu, S. K., Atmaca, I., Asiltürk, M., and Dogan, A. (2019). Improving heat transfer performance of an automobile radiator using Cu and Ag doped TiO2 based nanofluids. Applied Thermal Engineering, 157: 113743. |
| [23] | Karakas, A., Harikrishnan, S., and Oztop, H. F. (2022). Preparation of EG/water mixture-based nanofluids using metal-oxide nanocomposite and measurement of their thermophysical properties. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, 36: 101538. |
| [24] | Babu, M. J., Rao, Y. S., Kumar, A. S., Raju, C., Shehzad, S., Ambreen, T., and Shah, N. A. (2022). Squeezed flow of polyethylene glycol and water based hybrid nanofluid over a magnetized sensor surface: A statistical approach. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 135: 106136. |
| [25] | Xiu, W., Animasaun, I. L., Al-Mdallal, Q. M., Alzahrani, A. K., and Muhammad, T. (2022). Dynamics of ternary-hybrid nanofluids due to dual stretching on wedge surfaces when volume of nanoparticles is small and large: forced convection of water at different temperatures. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 137: 106241. |
| [26] | Ram, S., Yadav, S. K., and Kumar, A. (2023). Recent advancement of nanofluids in solar concentrating collectors: A brief review. Materials Today: Proceedings, 72: 2032–2038. |
| [27] | Oke, A. S., (2021). Coriolis effects on MHD flow of MEP fluid over a non-uniform surface in the presence of thermal radiation. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Pergamon, 129, 105695. |
| [28] | Oke, A. S., (2022). Theoretical analysis of modified Eyring Powell fluid flow. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, Elsevier, 132, 104152. |
| [29] | Oke, A. S., Prasannakumara, B. C., Mutuku, W. N., Gowda, R. J. P., Juma, B. A., Kumar, R. N., Bada, O. I. (2022). Exploration of the effects of Coriolis force and thermal radiation on water-based hybrid nanofluid flow over an exponentially stretching plate. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group UK London, 12(1), 21733. |
| [30] | Juma, B. A., Oke, A. S., Ariwayo, A. G., Ouru, O. J. (2022). Theoretical Analysis of MHD Williamson Flow Across a Rotating Inclined Surface. Applied Mathematics and Computational Intelligence, 11(1), 133 – 145. |
| [31] | Oke, A. S. (2017). Convergence of Differential Transform Method for Ordinary Differential Equations. Journal of Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science, 6, 42736. |
APA Style
Mary Kisengese, H., Nduku Mutuku, W., Ancent Makau, K. (2023). Analysis of Water, Ethylene and Propylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids for Optimal Radiator Coolant. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences, 9(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12
ACS Style
Mary Kisengese, H.; Nduku Mutuku, W.; Ancent Makau, K. Analysis of Water, Ethylene and Propylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids for Optimal Radiator Coolant. Int. J. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci. 2023, 9(1), 12-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12
AMA Style
Mary Kisengese H, Nduku Mutuku W, Ancent Makau K. Analysis of Water, Ethylene and Propylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids for Optimal Radiator Coolant. Int J Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2023;9(1):12-19. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12,
author = {Hilder Mary Kisengese and Winifred Nduku Mutuku and Kimulu Ancent Makau},
title = {Analysis of Water, Ethylene and Propylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids for Optimal Radiator Coolant},
journal = {International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {12-19},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfmts.20230901.12},
abstract = {Convection is the spontaneous movement of fluid phases, either single or multiple, driven by interactions with heterogeneous material properties and body forces such as density and gravity. This movement of heated fluid facilitates heat transfer within a system. Natural convection finds applications in heat dissipation, air conditioning, and microelectronics. However, industrial fluids commonly used for heat transfer, such as minerals, oil, water, and ethylene glycol (EG), face limitations due to their low thermal conductivities, hindering heat exchange efficiency. The production of efficient cost-effective cooling systems for automotive engines is a significant challenge in the automobile industry. Most engines depend on fluid for cooling and therefore use liquid coolants such as ethylene glycol and water, but with poor heat transmission properties. Nanoparticles, which have been shown to improve thermal conductivity, enhance the thermal properties of the fluids. This study compares six different radiator coolants; water-CuO, Propylene-glycol-CuO, ethylene-glycol-CuO, water-MgO, Propylene-glycol-MgO, and ethylene-glycol-MgO. Nanoparticles exhibit improved thermophysical qualities and therefore nanofluids are used as coolants in various mechanical and engineering contexts, including, but not limited to electronics, vehicles, transformers, computers, and electrical devices. The similarity transformation is utilized to non-dimensionalise the governing equations. The resulting equations are solved using a numerical method with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method. The results show that water-based nanofluids provide the best coolant. However, when the radiator is close to the magnetic field emerging from the automobile engines, copper oxide or Magnesium oxide nanoparticles should be used with water as base fluid.
},
year = {2023}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Analysis of Water, Ethylene and Propylene Glycol-Based Nanofluids for Optimal Radiator Coolant AU - Hilder Mary Kisengese AU - Winifred Nduku Mutuku AU - Kimulu Ancent Makau Y1 - 2023/11/09 PY - 2023 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12 T2 - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences JF - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences JO - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences SP - 12 EP - 19 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-8113 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20230901.12 AB - Convection is the spontaneous movement of fluid phases, either single or multiple, driven by interactions with heterogeneous material properties and body forces such as density and gravity. This movement of heated fluid facilitates heat transfer within a system. Natural convection finds applications in heat dissipation, air conditioning, and microelectronics. However, industrial fluids commonly used for heat transfer, such as minerals, oil, water, and ethylene glycol (EG), face limitations due to their low thermal conductivities, hindering heat exchange efficiency. The production of efficient cost-effective cooling systems for automotive engines is a significant challenge in the automobile industry. Most engines depend on fluid for cooling and therefore use liquid coolants such as ethylene glycol and water, but with poor heat transmission properties. Nanoparticles, which have been shown to improve thermal conductivity, enhance the thermal properties of the fluids. This study compares six different radiator coolants; water-CuO, Propylene-glycol-CuO, ethylene-glycol-CuO, water-MgO, Propylene-glycol-MgO, and ethylene-glycol-MgO. Nanoparticles exhibit improved thermophysical qualities and therefore nanofluids are used as coolants in various mechanical and engineering contexts, including, but not limited to electronics, vehicles, transformers, computers, and electrical devices. The similarity transformation is utilized to non-dimensionalise the governing equations. The resulting equations are solved using a numerical method with the Runge-Kutta fourth-order method. The results show that water-based nanofluids provide the best coolant. However, when the radiator is close to the magnetic field emerging from the automobile engines, copper oxide or Magnesium oxide nanoparticles should be used with water as base fluid. VL - 9 IS - 1 ER -
Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
Department of Mathematics and Actuarial Science, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya
